Today:
1403: The Battle of Shrewsbury took place, where King Henry IV defeated rebels led by Henry “Hotspur” Percy in England.
1545: The French fleet sent to invade England was defeated by the English at the Battle of the Solent.
1773: Pope Clement XIV issued a papal bull suppressing the Society of Jesus, commonly known as the Jesuits.
1831: Leopold I was inaugurated as the first King of Belgium.
1861: The First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) was fought in the American Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.
1925: John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in the “Scopes Monkey Trial” in Dayton, Tennessee.
1944: American forces landed on Guam, starting the Battle of Guam during World War II.
1961: Mercury-Redstone 4 (Liberty Bell 7) launched, piloted by astronaut Gus Grissom, who became the second American to fly in space.
1969: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin from the Apollo 11 mission spent their first full day on the Moon.
1983: The world’s lowest recorded temperature, -89.2°C (-128.6°F), was measured at the Soviet Union’s Vostok Station in Antarctica.