Today:
1535 – The first complete English-language Bible, the Coverdale Bible, was printed.
1582 – Pope Gregory XIII implemented the Gregorian calendar in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, skipping 10 days.
1824 – Mexico adopted its first constitution, transitioning into a federal republic.
1830 – Belgium separated from the Netherlands and became an independent country.
1883 – The Orient Express made its first journey, traveling from Paris to Istanbul.
1918 – World War I: The Allies defeated German forces in the Battle of the Canal du Nord.
1943 – World War II: General Dwight D. Eisenhower announced the Allied occupation of Naples, Italy.
1957 – The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth, marking the start of the Space Age.
1976 – United States Viking 2 spacecraft landed on Mars, sending back high-resolution photos.
1992 – The El Al Flight 1862 cargo plane crashed into apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 people.