Today:
1096 – The People’s Crusade, led by Peter the Hermit, is defeated by the Seljuk forces at the Battle of Civetot.
1520 – Ferdinand Magellan enters the strait now known as the Strait of Magellan, a navigable sea route in southern Chile.
1600 – Tokugawa Ieyasu wins the Battle of Sekigahara in Japan, marking the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for over 250 years.
1805 – The British fleet, led by Admiral Horatio Nelson, defeats the combined French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar during the Napoleonic Wars.
1854 – Florence Nightingale and a team of nurses are sent to the Crimean War to aid British soldiers, pioneering modern nursing.
1879 – Thomas Edison tests his first successful electric light bulb in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
1910 – The first collision of two airplanes takes place in Milan, Italy.
1944 – The first kamikaze attack during World War II takes place against U.S. warships during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
1959 – The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, opens in New York City.
2019 – Thousands of protesters in Chile clash with security forces during widespread protests against economic inequality.