Today:
1519 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán, marking the beginning of Spanish rule over the Aztec Empire.
1602 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford opens to the public.
1793 – The Louvre Museum in Paris opens to the public for the first time as a public museum.
1837 – Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College, one of the first institutions of higher education for women in the United States.
1864 – Abraham Lincoln is re-elected as President of the United States during the American Civil War.
1895 – German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovers X-rays.
1923 – Adolf Hitler leads the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic.
1939 – An assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler fails as a bomb explodes at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich.
1960 – John F. Kennedy is elected as the 35th President of the United States, defeating Richard Nixon.
2004 – The Iraq interim government declares a 60-day state of emergency as coalition forces prepare to assault Fallujah.