Today:
1460 – Richard, Duke of York, was killed in the Battle of Wakefield during the Wars of the Roses in England.
1703 – Tokyo, then known as Edo, was struck by a major earthquake that caused widespread devastation and thousands of deaths.
1813 – British soldiers burned Buffalo, New York, during the War of 1812.
1853 – The United States and Mexico signed the Gadsden Purchase, through which the U.S. acquired land in present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.
1903 – A fire at the Iroquois Theatre in Chicago killed at least 600 people, becoming the deadliest single-building fire in U.S. history.
1922 – The Soviet Union was officially established, uniting Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Transcaucasia.
1927 – The first-ever transatlantic commercial telephone service was established between New York City and London.
1947 – King Michael I of Romania was forced to abdicate the throne by the Communist government.
1993 – Israel and the Vatican established diplomatic relations.
2006 – Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was executed after being found guilty of crimes against humanity.
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