Today:
1198: Lotario de’ Conti is elected Pope Innocent III, becoming one of the most influential popes of the Middle Ages.
1297: François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads a surprise attack on the fortress of Monaco and establishes Grimaldi rule over the region.
1790: George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address to Congress in New York City.
1815: The Battle of New Orleans takes place, with American forces under Andrew Jackson decisively defeating the British, despite the Treaty of Ghent having been signed weeks earlier.
1835: The United States national debt reaches zero for the first and only time in history.
1912: The African National Congress (ANC), one of Africa’s most significant liberation movements, is founded in South Africa.
1918: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson delivers his Fourteen Points speech to Congress, outlining his vision for ending World War I and ensuring lasting peace.
1959: Charles de Gaulle is inaugurated as the first President of France’s Fifth Republic.
1964: President Lyndon B. Johnson declares the “War on Poverty” during his State of the Union address.
1994: Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov begins his record-breaking 437-day stay aboard the Mir space station.
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