1582: Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar.
1815: Napoleon Bonaparte begins his exile on the island of Saint Helena.
1878: The Edison Electric Light Company is founded.
1917: Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed by a firing squad in France for espionage.
1945: Pierre Laval, the former premier of Vichy France, is executed for treason.
1951: The first episode of the iconic television sitcom “I Love Lucy” airs.
1966: The Black Panther Party is founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.
1990: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1991: Clarence Thomas is confirmed as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
2003: China launches its first crewed space mission, Shenzhou 5.
