Today:
70: The Roman army, under the command of Titus, captured and plundered the city of Jerusalem.
1776: The American submersible craft Turtle made the world’s first submarine attack. It attempted to attach a time bomb to the hull of the British flagship Eagle in New York Harbor.
1812: Napoleon’s forces won a narrow victory over the Russian army at the Battle of Borodino during the Napoleonic Wars.
1822: Brazil declared its independence from Portugal. Dom Pedro I, the son of the Portuguese king, made the declaration and became the first emperor of Brazil.
1901: The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ended with the signing of the Boxer Protocol. This agreement required China to pay reparations to several foreign nations.
1921: The first Miss America Pageant was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The winner was Margaret Gorman of Washington, D.C.
1936: The last known thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian tiger, died in captivity at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania, Australia, making the species extinct.
1940: Nazi Germany began its bombing campaign against London, known as the Blitz, during World War II. This marked the start of 57 consecutive nights of air raids.
1977: The Torrijos-Carter Treaties were signed by U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos. These treaties transferred control of the Panama Canal to Panama at the end of 1999.
1998: Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, students at Stanford University.