Wednesday, January 22, 2025
Today: 1506 – The first contingent of the Swiss Guard arrived at the Vatican to serve as the personal bodyguards of Pope Julius II. 1689 – The Convention Parliament convened to determine if James II of England had vacated the throne when he fled to France. 1808 – The Portuguese royal family arrived in Brazil, […]
Tuesday, January 21, 2025
Today: 1535 – The city of Lima, Peru, was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro as Ciudad de los Reyes (City of Kings). 1720 – Sweden and Prussia signed the Treaty of Stockholm, ending hostilities between the two nations in the Great Northern War. 1793 – King Louis XVI of France was executed by guillotine […]
Monday, January 20, 2025
Today: 1265 – The first English Parliament to include commoners met at Westminster, marking a significant step in the development of representative government. 1320 – Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek was crowned King of Poland, establishing the Kingdom of Poland. 1649 – Charles I of England went on trial for treason and other “high crimes,” which ultimately […]
Sunday, January 19, 2025
Today: 639 – Dagobert I, King of the Franks, dies and is succeeded by his son Clovis II. 1419 – During the Hundred Years’ War, Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his conquest of Normandy. 1520 – Sten Sture the Younger, Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund. 1806 […]
Saturday, January 18, 2025
Today: 1486 – King Henry VII of England married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of Lancaster and York and effectively ending the Wars of the Roses. 1671 – Pirate Henry Morgan captured Panama City after crossing the Isthmus of Panama. 1778 – Captain James Cook became the first known European to visit the Hawaiian […]
Friday, January 17, 2025
Today: 1377 – Pope Gregory XI returned the Papacy from Avignon to Rome, officially ending the Avignon Papacy. 1562 – The Edict of Saint-Germain was issued in France, granting limited tolerance to Protestants and temporarily ending the French Wars of Religion. 1608 – Emperor Susenyos was formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia, beginning significant religious and […]
Thursday, January 16, 2025
Today: 622 – The Islamic calendar begins with the Hijra, the migration of Muhammad and his followers to Medina. 1054 – Michael I Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, is excommunicated by papal legates, contributing to the East-West Schism in Christianity. 1212 – The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: Christian forces defeat the Almohads, marking a […]
Wednesday, January 15, 2025
Today: 69 – Otho seized power in Rome after defeating Emperor Galba in a coup, becoming Roman Emperor. 1535 – King Henry VIII of England declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England. 1559 – Elizabeth I of England was crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey. 1582 – Russia ceded Livonia and Estonia […]
Tuesday, January 14, 2025
Today: 1129 – Formal approval of the Order of the Templars is granted at the Council of Troyes. 1526 – King Francis I of France, held captive in Spain, signs the Treaty of Madrid, renouncing claims to Italian territories and Burgundy. 1639 – The Fundamental Orders, considered by some as the first written constitution that […]
Monday, January 13, 2025
Today: 532: The Nika riots broke out in Constantinople, sparked by tensions between supporters of rival chariot racing teams. These riots lasted for several days and resulted in widespread destruction. 888: Odo, Count of Paris, became King of the West Franks following the death of Charles the Fat, marking a shift in Carolingian dynasty power. […]